CCTV News: Liaoning Province, one of the main grain-producing areas in my country, recently officially issued the 2025 black soil protection tillage implementation plan. The area of ​​the province's protective tillage task implemented this year will reach 13.7 million mu. This is also the fifth consecutive year that Liaoning has vigorously promoted black soil protection tillage. Next, follow the reporter from the Central Station to see how protective farming in Liaoning is carrying out? What changes have happened to the black soil?

Plant wheat in Qingming Festival and plant large fields in Grain Rain. In the past two days, the reporter came to Chenbei New District, Shenyang City, one of the main corn-producing areas in Liaoning Province. It is less than a week before large-scale spring sowing of corn, and the straw left after harvest last fall is still retained in the large area of ​​farmland in front of me. Agricultural machinery expert Li Xuemei and grain grower Yang Changchun were following behind a large agricultural machinery to carefully check the operation results.

Yang Changchun told reporters that the traditional farming model in the past required the cleanup of the fields before sowing, and then the land preparation operations such as rotary tillage and ridges can be carried out. But now, the straw must be kept in the ground as much as possible, and even covered on the land on a large scale.

Yang Changchun said that farmers have an account in their hearts. After harvesting corn in the past autumn, the straw was either burned with firewood or sold in bundles to make firewood and feeding animals.

Starting from 2020, Liaoning will continue to promote the implementation of black soil protection farming, and the total task area this year will reach 13.7 million mu. At the same time, local governments are encouraged to increase the implementation area based on the planned task area, increase demonstration and promotion efforts, and continuously expand the radiation and driving area.

Why does the country have to spend so much effort to pay so much real money and silver subsidies, and find ways to let farmers leave straw in the field? How did the straw that was troublesome and worthless in the eyes of farmers in the past become a "golden bump"?

Zhu Baoyu, director of the Agricultural Machinery Production Management Office of the Liaoning Provincial Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, said: "Protective tillage, straw covering is like covering a small quilt. In autumn and winter, including when the wind and sand are very strong and drought before sowing in spring, straw covering can achieve a very good effect of protecting arable land such as windproof, soil protection, and sand fixation."

Straw covering more and less soil is induced, which can prevent wind erosion and water erosion of the soil to the greatest extent. On the day of the interview, it happened to be in the windy days common in spring in Northeast China.

Yang Changchun, chairman of an agricultural machinery professional cooperative in Chenbei New District, Shenyang City, said: "In the past, when it was so windy, you might not be able to open your eyes when you went out. The soil was rolled away, and now the straw was covered on the soil, so this situation was very rare. (Reporter: What if it rains heavily?) It's okay to rain heavily. If it rains heavily, the straw will reduce water erosion. Otherwise, the water will flow wherever it is, and the ditch will rush out of the ditch here."

Liaoning: Straw returns to the field No tillage and less tillage, so that black soil can be used sustainable

Among the people of Northeast China, fellow villagers once used "one twelve soil and two twelve oil" to describe the fertility of black soil. However, long-term large-scale planting and continuous cropping and traditional farming methods that pursue high yields have put precious black soil in a dilemma of both soil quality and fertility, and large-scale fallow land will cause grain production to be reduced. This problem of "one stubborn" to "two ends of blockage" is exploring a way out in Liaoning's practice of protecting farming.

In the farmlands of Fuxin Mongolian Autonomous County, Liaoning, the full amount of straw is being returned to the fields and raking mixed operations. Modern agricultural machinery rumbles and rolls up and down, breaks the straw through high-speed blades, mixes about 70% of the straw and soil to the tillage layer, and leaves about 30% of the straw on the surface to cover it, completing the entire process of rotary tillage, crushing, mixing and land preparation at one time.

Li Jianping, a technical instructor of an agricultural cooperative in Aiyouyingzi Village, Fuxin Mongolian Autonomous County, said: "Through machine land preparation, organic matter (straw) is integrated into the soil, the content of organic matter is maintained, the soil fertility is increased, and the soil has a certain effect on the soil moisture conservation and softening. Through this one-time land preparation, the land is reduced."

The above-ground straw cover reduces wind and rain erosion of the land, and a large amount of straw is returned to the field under the surface. After being crushed and mixed with the soil, it turns waste into treasure, increasing the ground abilities of the farmland.

The black soil in Northeast China is one of the major black soil belts in the world and is the largest commercial grain base in my country. The reason why black soil is "black" is because it is covered with a layer of black or dark black humus, which is loose and rich in organic matter, and is suitable for farming. However, under the long-term continuous farming and production, the black soil layer is constantly consumed. In order to maintain soil fertility and high grain yields, the excessive use of a large amount of fertilizers was once a helpless move for farmers. Nowadays, modern farming technology with straw covering returning to the field as the main content has given new answers to black soil protection.

Feed the black soil and got good food. In the past five years since the implementation of farming protection of black soil, changes have really happened in the fields. With the support of straw covering and the promotion of modern agricultural machinery, there are more earthworms in the fields, the ground abilities have increased, and the output has also increased.